How It Works
- 1
Identify fixed exchange rate inconsistent with fundamentals (inflation, trade deficit)
- 2
Borrow the weak currency billions
- 3
Sell it for strong currency (USD/DEM)
- 4
Central Bank must sell reserves to buy back currency to maintain peg
- 5
When reserves run out, peg breaks, currency crashes
- 6
Repay loan with devalued currency, pocket difference
Key Mechanics
Foreign Exchange Reserves
Interest Rate Defense (hiking rates to punish shorts)
Capital Controls
Impossible Trinity (Trilemma)
Regulatory Context
Sovereign nations can change rules overnight. Capital controls, windfall taxes, or outright bans.